事件记录
Dr. 米勒: 你中风了. How did that happen 和 how to prevent that from happening again in the future. 今天我在大发娱乐与 Dr. 达纳·德威特. 她是一名教授 神经学 犹他大学的中风专家 神经内科. 告诉大发娱乐为什么人们会中风. 你中风了，是什么引起的 中风?
中风的原因?
Dr. 德威特: There are different causes of 中风 和 it's important that when you have a 中风, to be evaluated by someone who helps determine why it happened. 中风可由来自心脏的血块引起, it can occur from a clot coming from one of the arteries in your neck or it can occur because you either have a blood vessel in brain break, 或者大脑中的小血管关闭.
Dr. 米勒: 但很多时候，结果都是一样的. 是这样吗？?
Dr. 德威特: 是的.
Dr. 米勒: 使人衰弱的问题.
Dr. 德威特: 使人衰弱的问题, focal deficits, often they don't recover.
Dr. 米勒: 所以达纳, tell me a little bit about the causes behind those embolic, those pieces of tissues that break off or vessels that bruise. 导致这种情况发生的主要因素是什么? Lifestyle things that might cause another 中风 in a patient?
中风危险因素
Dr. 德威特: So, we well know that 吸烟 is one of the major causes of hardening of the arteries 和 高血压. 这是中风的主要危险因素. We know that 高血压 is also a big risk factor for 中风. High blood pressure can cause blood vessels in brain to thicken, it can be one of the causes for [inaudible 00:01:35] 和 can also cause 心脏病. And then 大发娱乐知道 that cardiac conditions, people who have had 心脏病发作, whose heart doesn't pump normally 和 then there is the irregular heart beat called 心房纤颤 哪一种中风风险高. And that's when a certain part of the heart called the atrium, actually becomes a little stretched 和 fibrillates 和 clog can form in the heart.
Dr. 米勒: 年龄呢？? 年龄与中风有关吗?
Dr. 德威特: Well, 大发娱乐知道 well that as people get older, the risk of 中风 is greater. 大发娱乐偶尔也会在年轻人身上看到, sometimes that can be due to hyper-coagulable or clotting [inaudible 00:02:15] problems or something called dissection in blood vessels or tears in blood vessels, 但主要的中风发生在老年患者身上
Dr. 米勒: 男人和女人差不多?
Dr. 德威特: 男性中风的风险很高. Then again cause of 中风 in women is a little different except if the women was a smoker 和 had hyper tension 和 高胆固醇 for years, 那么她的风险是一样的.
Dr. 米勒: 现在我假设如果你中风了, 你再次中风的风险会更高, 高于人群的平均风险. 这是真的吗？?
Dr. 德威特: 它是. 评估这些病人是如此重要. 还有一个叫做TIA, which is really transient ischemic which is a 中风 like event, presumed caused by the same thing that causes a 中风 but it clears quickly, 和 patients then are also at risk for 中风 within a short period of time. So it's an important thing for a doctor to evaluate you for your blood pressure. 如果你是一个吸烟者,你需要停止吸烟. You need to know what your cholesterol is 和 treat your cholesterol, 和 you need to have your heart evaluated to see if you might have 心房纤颤 or some other cardiac risk?
心房纤颤和中风
Dr. 米勒: 这是真的. I think that many people that have 心房纤颤 may not know that.
Dr. 德威特: 这是非常正确的. 心房纤颤, we are founding more 和 more about it but it maybe that 心房纤颤 actually isn't seen at the time that the 中风 occurs. It may actually be found later 和 there are now methods, 30天监控器，或者大发娱乐称之为循环记录仪, which are implantable recorders that watch over a heart for a long period of time to see if 心房纤颤 occurs. 心脏超声，叫安 回声心电图 can sometimes tell us if the heart is abnormal in a way that can put patient at risk for 心房纤颤. 这很重要，因为治疗是...
Dr. 米勒: And those work better to reduce the risk of 中风 in the future than aspirins?
Dr. 德威特: 是的. 对于心房纤颤，绝对是. So it is important to know whether that occurs 和 whether that needs to be treated in that way.
糖尿病会导致中风?
Dr. 米勒: 我再问你几个问题. How about the IBTs, is there a risk of 中风 [inaudible 00:04:25] which is 糖尿病?
Dr. 德威特: 糖尿病患者有中风的风险. Diabetes is part on the blood vessels 和 it can promote more atherosclerosis. It also causes damage to very small blood vessels which can cause small deep 中风s. We know that patients with 糖尿病 sometimes get damage to the arteries 和 their retina, 在他们眼中, 还有肾脏. So the same process can happen in the brain 和 cause 中风s.
Dr. 米勒: 那么一般的肥胖呢. People who are not in very good shape, they are overweight, they are not working out much.
Dr. 德威特: 这也有风险. 代谢综合征, 大发娱乐知道, is kind of a pre diabetic condition but patients who are obese are also more prone to 高血压. They are more prone to 高胆固醇 和 those carry risk of 中风.
中风的预防
Dr. 米勒: 听起来像是高血压, 糖尿病, possible cardiac functions if your heart is pumping well or not 和 an abnormal rhythm in the heart could all contribute to second 中风. So, what would you say to the person out there that has had a 中风 or had a family member with a 中风? Do you think that many of them know their risk factors or they should really be aggressive in trying to find out if those problems we just mentioned are high risk factors?
Dr. 德威特: 我认为这是非常重要的. We talk about primary 中风 prevention versus secondary 中风 prevention. One is, to know your risk factors so that the 中风 never happens 和 you treat them aggressively. 另一个是, 一旦你中风了, know why the 中风 occurred so that you can prevent another one by again, 控制这些风险因素. 一次又一次, 这些风险因素就是高血压, 吸烟, 高胆固醇, 糖尿病 和 then obesity 和 inactivity carry another risk. 主要是因为它们引发了其他问题.
更新日期：2021年1月15日
最初发布日期：2014年7月15日