事件记录
面试官: You're going to find out the three times you should absolutely use analogies to better communicate your message, and the one thing you should always do before you create an analogy. That's coming up next on The Healthcare Insider.
播音员: These are the conversations happening inside healthcare that are going to transform healthcare. The Healthcare Insider is on 范围.
面试官: One of the most powerful tools to help people understand what's going on whether you're a physician, 或者是研究人员, 或者是科学家, 是一个很好的类比, but sometimes coming up with that great analogy can be difficult. 许慧欣Kaplan-Liss is a physician and a journalist at the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University School of Journalism. Is there a formula to creating a great analogy? 你是怎么想出一个的? That sounds kind of overwhelming and daunting to a lot of people.
Dr. Kaplan-Liss: An analogy is something that the audience that you're talking to has to understand, right? So you have to understand your audience to know what type of analogy you can use. 这是第一件事. 例如, 当我谈到吞噬作用时, 巨噬细胞的作用是什么, and I'm trying to explain that to an audience that doesn't know anything about science, a good analogy would be to use Pac-Man.
It's a visual image and Pac-Man is exactly what phagocytosis is. 它在吃东西. It elicits a visual image and it's something that most of the public can relate to. But I checked that out before I used it, and I check it out with my teenage sons, 16和19, because if they don't know who Pac-Man is, I have to be careful about using that type of analogy. 他们知道吃豆人是谁. So if they know who Pac-Man is, then I can use that in most audiences.
Another analogy would be like a surgeon when he's trying to tell his patient the size of the tumor that he removed. And he says, "It's like the size of a grapefruit." That also tells the shape and the size of the tumor that was removed. It puts it into context for the patient, but you need to know that the patient is going to understand that analogy.
面试官: There are some specific times analogies can be more powerful of a communicating tool than others. Let's talk about the three times that you should really look to use an analogy to make your point.
Dr. Kaplan-Liss: When you're using numbers, it's really important to put them into context. Have you ever read the book by Rebecca Skloot, "The Immortal Life of 亨丽埃塔缺乏&"? 这本书, but she's basically trying to get across the message of the amount of cells that were able to be grown outside of the body from one cell that was taken from this woman, 亨丽埃塔缺乏. That's why it was called immortal cells. She was trying to put the number of them into context, 和数字本身, 数百万个细胞, 这意味着很多. 那是多少呢? Then she'd say, "Well, it's equivalent to 150,000 tons.“多少钱？? That's equivalent to the weight of 10 Empire State Buildings. 这可是一大堆细胞啊.
面试官: 现在，你终于明白了. What other things do you find are handy for using analogies for? 数字和量级是好的. What other instances are they pretty powerful tools?
Dr. Kaplan-Liss: 《大发娱乐》的视觉效果很好. Sometimes you need a visual and you may not have one, like a prop or something. But a visual in somebody's mind is a great way of transmitting information, and it's memorable.
面试官: Another instance where an analogy might be a powerful tool?
Dr. Kaplan-Liss: To develop common ground with your audience. You can relate to them better if you have something that they understand and you understand from a common path. 这会让你们更亲密. 这会大发娱乐你吸引观众.
播音员: Be part of the conversation that transforms healthcare. Leave a comment and tell us what you're thinking. The Healthcare Insider is a production of thescoperadio.com, University of Utah Health Sciences Radio.