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Dr. 琼斯: 抑郁症会传染吗？? What happens to the children of 母亲 who are depressed? 这是博士. 外裙琼斯 from the department of obstetrics and gynecology at University of Utah Health Care and we're talking about why mother's moods matter today on 范围.
播音员: Medical news and research from University Utah physicians and specialists you can use for a happier and healthier life. 您正在收听的是范围.
Dr. 琼斯: There is a lot of news and research on maternal depression both before birth and after birth. There is also a lot of controversy about anti-depressants in pregnancy and breast feeding, and there are a lot of studies on mice and monkeys about the importance of maternal behavior in a newborn's brain development. What do we think we know now and how can we use it as clinicians, 母亲, 还有家庭来大发娱乐大发娱乐的母亲和孩子? 为什么母亲的情绪很重要. 大发娱乐知道母亲压力大的孩子, depressed and anxious when they are pregnant are more likely to be stressed, depressed and anxious and cope less well with stress.
Data from children of 母亲 who survived Nazi concentration camps show that the children are more likely to have difficulty coping with stress. Children whose 母亲 were in New York City during the 9/11 disaster were more likely to overreact to stressful situations as newborns than babies that were in-utero outside of New York at the same time. We know that depressed and anxious 母亲 have higher stress hormones in their blood and these stress hormones pass through the placenta. We have mouse models of stressed out pregnant mice who give birth to baby mice who have higher stress hormones in their blood compared to genetically identical mice who weren't stressed in pregnancy.
You don't really want to know how they stressed these mommy mice but suffice it to say even prolonged, loud noises that stressed out baby mice who didn't run mazes so well and expressed more stress with handling and more depression as grown up mice. 这就是老鼠的故事. We know that children who were raised in environments where there was little hugging, 接吻, 柔和的话语, 身体接触, 比如世界各地的孤儿院, 有更多的压力和抑郁. Recent studies shows that depressed moms don't stroke their babies as much and their children have more problems coping with stress.
和, 当然, the very same thing is true for mouse babies who aren't licked by their mommies as newborns. The parts of the brain of rats and mice that regulate stress are significantly affected by stress in the uterus and by lack of infant calming behavior on the part of the mouse mom. The lifelong impact of what happens early in life was re-enforced by a series of studies on laboratory rats. The researchers noticed that some rat moms were always licking and grooming their babies. 有些老鼠妈妈就没那么好了. They found that rats that had been licked and cuddled as pups were far more self-competent, 那么胆小, 更好奇, 和弹性. They were also better at mazes and they lived longer.
The good news in mice and rats is you can stress out baby mice in utero but make their post-natal life good with good mommying and they do better. 和 there are studies in people that show that an engaged dad or grandmother can help a baby along the right path if the mom is sick or depressed.
现在争议来了. Should depressed moms take an anti-depressant when they're pregnant and nursing? 关于一种抗抑郁药, 的选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂, the most commonly prescribed ones; there is concern about a very small increase in birth defect of the heart. There are also concerns about baby behavior but we have already noted that babies of depressed and stressed moms, 人和老鼠, 可能会有不同的行为. 那么你应该怎么做呢?
第一，做好怀孕计划. If you suffer from bouts of depression see if you can get help before your pregnancy and during your pregnancy. 当然, you cannot plan not to have a horrible disaster like 9/11 when pregnancy happens but you can get help if you're stressed out. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking your anti-depressants during pregnancy and breast feeding. Learn about the importance of newborn care and the mental health of children. If you or someone in your family suffers from postpartum depression they should get help and somebody needs to cuddle and kiss and talk to that baby. It could be the dad or the grandmother or a regular caretaker. 所以去抱抱这些宝宝吧. 这是博士. 外裙琼斯 and thank you for joining us on 范围.
播音员: We're your daily dose of science, conversation, medicine. 这是Scope. 犹他大学健康科学电台.